Description: Eszopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent that is used for the treatment of insomnia. It is a cyclopyrrolone derivative and is the active stereoisomer of zopiclone.

Indication: Eszopiclone is indicated for the treatment of insomnia, specifically for sleep maintenance (staying asleep) and sleep onset (falling asleep). It is typically prescribed for short-term use.

Mechanism of Action: Eszopiclone is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor. It binds to a site on the GABA-A receptor complex, which is distinct from the benzodiazepine binding site, and enhances the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. By enhancing GABA’s inhibitory effects, eszopiclone increases chloride ion influx into neurons, leading to hyperpolarization and a reduction in neuronal excitability. This results in sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and muscle-relaxant effects, promoting sleep.