Description

Calcium dobesilate, a synthetic drug, is the calcium salt of dobesilic acid. It is classified as a vasoprotective agent because it works to protect and strengthen blood vessel walls, particularly those of the microcirculation (the smallest blood vessels, such as capillaries).

Indications

Calcium dobesilate is primarily indicated for conditions related to vascular fragility and altered capillary permeability, including:

• Chronic venous insufficiency: A condition where veins have difficulty returning blood from the legs to the heart. This can lead to symptoms like pain, swelling, and cramping in the lower limbs.
• Diabetic retinopathy: A microvascular complication of diabetes where high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina, leading to fluid leakage and vision problems.
• Hemorrhoids: Swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of calcium dobesilate is multifaceted, meaning it works through several pathways to improve vascular health:

1. Reduces Capillary Permeability: It reduces the leakage of fluid and proteins from capillaries into surrounding tissues by stabilizing the basement membrane of the capillary walls. This action is crucial in preventing edema and swelling.
2. Improves Blood Rheology: It makes the blood thinner and less viscous, and also improves the flexibility of red blood cells. This helps blood flow more smoothly through the microcirculation, especially in areas where it is compromised.
3. Antioxidant Properties: It acts as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, which can damage the endothelium (the inner lining of blood vessels). This protects the vascular walls from degeneration.
4. Anti-inflammatory Effects: It helps reduce inflammation in the vascular system by modulating the release of inflammatory mediators.
5. Inhibits Platelet Aggregation: The drug can inhibit platelets from clumping together, which helps prevent blood clots from forming.