Description

Iron Polymaltose Complex (IPC) is a non-ionic, water-soluble macromolecule of ferric hydroxide and polymaltose. Unlike traditional iron salts (e.g., ferrous sulfate), IPC is a stable complex, which means it does not release a large amount of free iron ions in the gastrointestinal tract. This unique structure gives it a different absorption profile and leads to a significantly lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, constipation, and stomach upset.

Indication

Iron Polymaltose Complex is indicated for the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia. It is a preferred option for patients who:

• Cannot tolerate traditional iron supplements: Patients who experience significant gastrointestinal side effects from ferrous salts.
• Have iron deficiency anemia: IPC is used to replenish the body’s iron stores and restore hemoglobin levels.

• Are pregnant or breastfeeding: To meet the increased iron requirements during pregnancy and lactation.
• Are children or adolescents: To prevent or treat iron deficiency due to rapid growth.

• Have chronic kidney disease: As an oral option for iron supplementation.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of Iron Polymaltose Complex is based on its stable, non-ionic structure and a controlled absorption process.

1. Stable Complex: The iron in IPC is in the ferric (Fe3+) state and is tightly bound within the polymaltose complex. This prevents the release of free iron ions into the gastrointestinal tract. By avoiding the presence of free iron, IPC bypasses the need for the body to manage a large influx of iron that can be irritating to the intestinal lining.
2. Active Absorption: The IPC is absorbed intact by a specific active transport mechanism in the small intestine. It is not absorbed via the same diffusion channels as ferrous salts. The intact complex is taken up by the mucosal cells of the duodenum.
3. Intracellular Processing: Once inside the mucosal cells, the iron is released from the polymaltose complex. This iron is then either:
   • Stored as Ferritin: The iron can be stored in the intestinal cells as ferritin, a storage protein, until the body needs it.
   • Transported to the Bloodstream: The iron can be transported out of the cell into the bloodstream. It binds to transferrin, the primary iron-transport protein in the body.
4. Utilization for Hemoglobin Synthesis: The transferrin-bound iron is then transported to the bone marrow, where it is used as a crucial building block for the synthesis of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. By providing a steady and well-tolerated supply of iron, IPC helps to correct anemia and restore normal hemoglobin levels.

The controlled, active absorption mechanism of Iron Polymaltose Complex is what distinguishes it from traditional iron salts and accounts for its superior tolerability.