Description

Attapulgite is a natural, hydrated magnesium aluminum phyllosilicate mineral that is a type of clay. It is classified as an oral adsorbent and anti-diarrheal agent. Due to its high surface area and porous, fibrous structure, it has a strong capacity to bind to and adsorb various substances. Attapulgite is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is eliminated from the body unchanged.

Indications

Attapulgite is primarily indicated for the symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea. It is used to:

• Reduce the frequency of bowel movements in cases of non-specific diarrhea, including traveler’s diarrhea.
• Improve stool consistency and reduce the fluidity of loose stools.

• Relieve abdominal cramps and discomfort associated with diarrhea.

It is important to note that attapulgite provides symptomatic relief and does not treat the underlying cause of the diarrhea, such as a bacterial or viral infection.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of attapulgite is purely physical and mechanical. It does not act systemically and is not a pharmacological agent. Its therapeutic effect is based on its adsorbent properties.

1. High Adsorptive Capacity: Attapulgite’s unique layered and porous structure gives it a very large surface area. This allows it to physically bind to (adsorb) various substances in the lumen of the gut.

2. Binding of Toxins and Pathogens: In the GI tract, attapulgite binds to bacterial toxins, viruses, and other irritants that can cause diarrhea. By adsorbing these substances, it prevents them from acting on the intestinal lining.
3. Binding of Water: Attapulgite has a high capacity to absorb water. By soaking up excess water in the gut, it helps to solidify the stool and reduce the frequency and fluid volume of bowel movements.

4. Formation of a Protective Barrier: The drug may also form a protective coating over the intestinal mucosa, shielding it from further irritation.

In summary, attapulgite works by physically binding to and removing harmful agents and excess water from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby providing symptomatic relief from diarrhea. Since it is not absorbed, it does not cause systemic side effects.