Description

Tenoxicam is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that belongs to the oxicam class. It is a derivative of thienothiazine and is used for its powerful analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. Like other oxicams, it has a very long elimination half-life, which allows for convenient once-daily dosing. It is available in oral tablets, injections, and topical gels.

Indications

Due to its long half-life, tenoxicam is primarily indicated for the long-term management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Its key indications include:

• Rheumatic Diseases: For the symptomatic relief of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
• Acute Musculoskeletal Disorders: It is also used for the short-term treatment of painful conditions like tendinitis, bursitis, and sprains.
• Gout: For the symptomatic treatment of acute gouty arthritis attacks.

Mechanism of Action

Tenoxicam’s primary mechanism of action is based on its ability to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are key mediators of inflammation, pain, and fever.

1. Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) Enzymes: Tenoxicam works by non-selectively inhibiting the activity of the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.
2. Blocking Prostaglandin Synthesis:
   • The inhibition of COX-2 is responsible for the drug’s primary therapeutic effects: reducing inflammation, pain, and fever.
   • The inhibition of COX-1 is responsible for some of the common side effects of NSAIDs, such as gastrointestinal irritation, ulcer formation, and a potential for bleeding.
3. Other Anti-inflammatory Effects: In addition to its COX inhibition, tenoxicam also has other anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to inhibit the release of oxygen free radicals from activated leukocytes (white blood cells) and inhibit the migration of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. It can also inhibit the synthesis and release of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines.

In summary, tenoxicam is a potent, non-selective NSAID that provides its therapeutic effects by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins. Its long half-life and additional anti-inflammatory properties make it a valuable option for the long-term management of chronic inflammatory conditions.