Description

Flurbiprofen is a synthetic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is a derivative of propionic acid. It is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and is used for its analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. It is available in various forms, including oral tablets, topical gels, and throat lozenges.

Indications

Flurbiprofen is indicated for the treatment of a range of inflammatory and painful conditions. Its key indications include:

• Rheumatic Diseases: It is used for the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.

• Musculoskeletal Pain: It is effective in treating pain from sprains, strains, and other soft tissue injuries.

• Dysmenorrhea: It is used for the relief of primary dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps).

• Ophthalmic Uses: As an eye drop, it is used to inhibit miosis (pupil constriction) during surgical procedures and to control post-operative inflammation.

• Sore Throat: Flurbiprofen lozenges are widely used for the symptomatic relief of a sore throat and its associated pain and swelling.

Mechanism of Action

Flurbiprofen’s mechanism of action is based on its ability to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are key mediators of inflammation, pain, and fever.

1. Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) Enzymes: Flurbiprofen works by non-selectively inhibiting the activity of the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.

2. Blocking Prostaglandin Synthesis:
   • The inhibition of COX-2 is responsible for the drug’s primary therapeutic effects: reducing the production of prostaglandins that cause inflammation, pain, and fever.
   • The inhibition of COX-1 is responsible for some of the common side effects of NSAIDs, such as gastrointestinal irritation, ulcer formation, and a potential for bleeding.

3. Unique Local Action (Lozenges): When used as a lozenge for a sore throat, flurbiprofen works locally at the site of inflammation in the throat. By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis directly in the inflamed tissues, it provides rapid and effective relief from throat pain and swelling.

In summary, flurbiprofen provides its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects by inhibiting the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, thereby blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins. Its various formulations allow it to be used for both systemic and localized inflammatory conditions.