Description

Cefprozil is a semi-synthetic, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It belongs to the beta-lactam class of drugs. Cefprozil is available in oral forms, such as tablets and suspension, and is effective against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Indications

Cefprozil is prescribed for the treatment of mild to moderate bacterial infections in adults and children. Its indications include:

• Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and acute sinusitis.

• Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

• Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Uncomplicated infections caused by susceptible bacteria.

• Otitis Media: Acute ear infections.

• Urinary Tract Infections: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Mechanism of Action

Cefprozil, like other beta-lactam antibiotics, works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. This mechanism is crucial for the drug’s bactericidal (bacteria-killing) effect.

1. Targeting Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs): Cefprozil’s molecular structure contains a beta-lactam ring. This ring is able to bind to and inactivate enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are located in the bacterial cell membrane.

2. Inhibiting Cell Wall Synthesis: PBPs are essential for the final step of bacterial cell wall synthesis—the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains. This cross-linking process is what gives the bacterial cell wall its rigidity and strength.

3. Causing Cell Lysis: By inhibiting PBPs, cefprozil prevents the cell wall from being properly formed and maintained. The weakened cell wall is then unable to withstand the high internal osmotic pressure of the bacterium. This leads to the cell swelling and rupturing, which ultimately causes the bacterium to die.

A notable feature of second-generation cephalosporins is their enhanced stability against some beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria, which are responsible for breaking down antibiotics. This stability gives cefprozil a broader spectrum of activity against certain resistant bacterial strains compared to first-generation cephalosporins.